What Is a Computer Interface?

A computer interface is a system of interaction and communication between a computer and other entities such as a printer, human user, or a network and is relevant at both the hardware and software levels. The computer interface enables a component to operate while conversing with other entities through an input or output system and an allied protocol. Based on the hardware and software, the computer interface may also denote a method of communication between the computer and a user through peripheral devices or any other point of contact about a computer system.

Evolution of Computer Interface

Interfaces have a long history, dating back to the basic punched-card in the 1950s, through the typed command lines of the 1960s, to the contemporary windows and icons. Machine interface evolution can be split into numerous historical stages, each distinguished by the leading interface of the time. The first phase in the 1950s was batch processing, in which users defined the specifics of a job (usually on punch cards), performed them (by loading the cards to the machine), and got results later after processing was entirely done. The second phase of the 1960s was the command-line interfaces which enabled users to give commands, and the system would instantly process and generate results.

Developments in computer technologies and understanding of human psychology have exacerbated the subsequent evolution of computer interfaces. Some of these are the “organic” user interfaces and "graspable" user interfaces (UI). An organic user interface (OUI) is a form of user interface that uses a non-flat projection to allow users to manipulate an entity's physical structure. A Graspable UI design gives users simultaneous access to various, customized input devices that may act as dedicated physical interface elements, allowing for direct manipulation and spatial layouts. Computer interfaces can further be grouped into: user interface, hardware interfaces and software interfaces. 

Types of Computer Interface

User Interface

A user interface (UI) is a point of engagement through which human users interact with a computer system; it encompasses a variety of paradigms of interaction through which data is passed between the user and the computer system. The purpose of successful UI is to make the user’s experience easy and straightforward, involving minimal effort to obtain the greatest intended result.

Hardware Interfaces

Hardware interfaces exist in various computing systems and usually connect two or more electronic devices. A hardware interface in computing is often defined by the electrical, mechanical, and logical signals and the mechanisms for sequencing them. A primary interface separates the layout and outline of computing hardware, such as I/O devices, from other components of a computer system, enabling users and producers' substantial freedom in computing systems development. Where productivity is crucial, hardware interfaces can be parallel, whereas closeness is essential. 

Software Interfaces

A software interface refers to the languages, codes, and messages that various computer systems use to interact and communicate with each other to the hardware interface. Software interfaces enable system usability in that the user finds it easy and efficient to use the computer system.